2016年4月2日
Politics concerns the discovery of common goods that
would not have been identifiable without the discussions between people who
might otherwise think of themselves as strangers.
讀者譯:政治注重的,是發現不經商討就辨別不到的共同利益,而那些參與討論的群眾在別的方面只視對方為陌生人。
古德明譯:政治關乎大眾福祉,而大眾福祉須經本不相識的大眾討論,始可辨認。
古德明評論:這段翻譯,和原文並不字字「貼切」,但意思應和原文無異,句句易讀,更由原譯的四十字減至二十八字。當然,像我這樣意譯,受雇的譯者未必敢仿效,怕雇主嫌譯文「不貼切」原文。中文淪為下流現代漢語,原因之一,就是「字字句句貼切原文」的所謂翻譯充斥傳播界。
「僕在家工作,翻譯之平均時薪,與香港法定最低工資相約……」那位朋友信中所言,簡直是今天翻譯界的哀歌。翻譯不是粗通兩種文字,就可以從事的,只是一般雇主那裏看得出十年窗下的苦功。
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古先生譯得高明,而能譯出這種文字的人如今已經不多,將來更將愈來愈少。可嘆的是,即使你能譯出這樣的文字,也很可能被斥為「不貼切」、「不夠現代」或「風格不符要求」。
要以「不貼切」挑剔古譯並不難,只需要說以「政治關乎大眾福祉」譯 Politics concerns the discovery of
common goods,沒譯出 discovery便可。但除非上下文確實強調 discovery,以此批評古譯是近乎雞蛋裡挑骨頭了。
譯文的意思,確實必須忠實反映原意,但不代表譯文必須亦步亦趨地貼近原文(或許有人認為這是「句法」上的忠實)。譯文畢竟是譯出來給人看的,通順可讀非常重要。英文有英文的句法,中文照跟,譯出來的東西往往不倫不類、不可卒讀。連這一點都不懂,就不要談翻譯了。
如今機械式翻譯盛行,是人自甘墮落為機器,往往只是譯者懶惰和能力不足而已,根本不必去扯什麼「異化vs.歸化」和「語言會演化」這種問題。
相關文章:懶惰的譯者喜歡機械式翻譯
本文續篇:續談古德明論翻譯
後記:張華先生留言,認為 think of themselves as strangers在此文脈下,或應譯為「自認為外行人」較佳,因為陌生人本來就是事實,原文不必用 think of themselves來表達。
我因此查了一下這句話的上下文:
Aristotle saw humans as political beings. He saw the citystate as the
unit of corporate life. Human flourishing lay in the appropriate conduct
of these corporate relationships. This is politics. Politics concerns
the discovery of common goods that would not have been identifiable
without the discussions between people who might otherwise think of
themselves as strangers. Politics thus makes possible the art of
resolving issues in ways that do not lead to violence.
這裡的 strangers似乎不應該理解為「外行人」,但古譯「本不相識」看來也不貼切──不過他可能沒查過上下文。
要發達,就要做商業翻譯。我曾做過只此一次之商業翻譯,收了天價。不想做,基於人情,隨口嗡個天價等佢知難而退,佢當場開支票預付全數,我俾人將軍,唯有死死氣。。。此事的教訓:不能客氣,不想做要爽快 say no,and no means no。
回覆刪除自由市場,供求定價格。你市場細(鍾意睇書,又唔介意睇譯作),讀者對譯本要求不高(本書差,鬼知係譯者譯得差定作者作得差咩),自然人工「低」。我睇唔少文學譯作(蘇德法意葡希臘拉丁文譯英),一個譯者名都嗡唔出。我喜歡某書, the credit always goes to the author, never to the translator, what does that tell you?
stranger 的定義:1. a person with whom one has had no personal acquaintance; 2. a newcomer in a place or locality; 3. an outsider; 4. a person who is unacquainted with or unaccustomed to something (usually followed by to); 5. a person who is not a member of the family, group, community, or the like, as a visitor or guest; 6. Law. one not privy or party to an act, proceeding, etc.
回覆刪除在此文脈下,或應譯為 "自認為外行人"較佳,因為陌生人本來就是事實,原文不必用think of themselves來表達。
上下文如下:
刪除Aristotle saw humans as political beings. He saw the citystate as the unit of corporate life. Human flourishing lay in the appropriate conduct of these corporate relationships. This is politics. Politics concerns the discovery of common goods that would not have been identifiable without the discussions between people who might otherwise think of themselves as strangers. Politics thus makes possible the art of resolving issues in n ways that do not lead to violence.
這裡的strangers似乎不應該理解為「外行人」,但古譯「本不相識」看來也不貼切──不過他可能沒查過上下文。
who might otherwise think of themselves as strangers 有不打不相識的味道。或可改為:不經討論,自認為互不相干的人。
回覆刪除我也認為大概就是這意思。
刪除吓?Corporate 在此是指組合之整體,非指商業整體呀!
回覆刪除句子意思是政治要有存異求同之咨詢呀。當然如此譯就太「意」,但你明白了句子潛在深意(不是逐字之意思),何會指「外行人」?!組合整體是你我他互不相識,角度有異,利益不同,而政治就是大眾各述觀點,「知」,才可能有共識,明白社會 - 你我他組成之整體 - 所需。
古生譯得簡潔,好。雖說討論是隨心閒聊,但糾纏於陌生人一詞,也太迂腐了。
古譯是錯的。這段的基本意思是「所謂政治,目的是要經過社會大眾討論找出common good,讓彼此不致成為陌路人。」(大致如此,細部可商榷)
回覆刪除謝謝你的意見。我補寫了一文。
刪除